Binge drinking and insomnia in students from health sciences at one university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

In spite of the many studies examining alcohol consumption, recent reviews have indicated that binge drinking has not been extensively studied. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that sleep is associated with many physiological functions and to drug addictions. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between alcohol binge drinking and insomnia in college students of health sciences. All first-year health sciences students (n=286) were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Envelopes containing the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and questions capturing sociodemographic data were distributed and collected in classes. It was found that most non-drinkers were female (70.6%), although there were no sex-related differences in the number of binge drinkers (more than 5 drinks on each occasion at least once a week), allowing statistical comparison. The Mann-Whitney U test indicated that the ISI scores were significantly greater in female than male binge drinkers (P=0.014). Moderate or severe insomnia was reported by 23% of the sample, with alcohol being the most frequently associated substance. A specialized intervention was suggested by ASSIST: brief for marijuana (19.2%) and tobacco (23.3%) use, and moderate (31.5%) or intensive (1.4%) for alcohol consumers. The data highlighted the need to pay attention to the habits of college students beyond obtaining scientific information. New data suggesting the influence of genetics on insomnia may be of importance when performing additional studies on the sex differences in alcohol binge drinking.

Parasitos em trutas-arco-íris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) criadas em sistema intensivo na região serrana de Santa Catarina, Brasil / [Parasites in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) raised in an intensive system in the mountain region of Santa Catarina, Brazil]

With the aim to determine the prevalence and mean parasite intensity in Oncorhynchus mykiss, 120 specimens were analyzed between April and September 2018. The cavity analysis was done by visual inspection, scraping of mucus, and extraction of the branchial arches. In the evisceration process, the intestine, the liver, and the kidney were separated, while the musculature was analyzed using the "candling table" method. All the collected material was preserved in 10% buffered formaldehyde and sent to the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, of the Center for Agroveterinary Sciences (CAV) of the University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC) for making the slides and identifying the parasites. Parasites were detected only in the analysis of the scraping of body mucus. Only specimens of the genus Trichodina were identified, in 34 of the 120 fish analyzed, in two collections, resulting in a prevalence of 28.33%. In total, 144 specimens of Trichodina were observed. The overall mean intensity was of 4.24 parasites in each fish analyzed. Characteristic lesions of infection by protozoa were not identified. This is the first report of the occurrence of Trichodina spp. in O. mykiss bred in an intensive system in Brazil, with low rates of parasitic infection in the mountain region of Santa Catarina.(AU)

Diagnostic value of computed tomography, radiography and ultrasonography in metacarpophalangeal joint disorders in horses / Importância diagnóstica da tomografia computadorizada, radiografia e ultrassonografia nas afecções da articulação metacarpofalangeana em equinos

In modern society the work and athletic performance of horses has led to a very important animal production sector in which Brazil possesses the third largest horse stock. Among all equine lesions described, metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) joint lesions are considered one of the main causes of lameness. Consequently, there is a need to improve the understanding and diagnosis of these injuries. The most efficient imaging diagnostic methods for the fetlock region are computed tomography, radiography and ultrasound. Imaging studies of the anatomical structures involving this joint are extremely important to obtain a more precise diagnose. The present study was performed in order to evaluate the capacity of different imaging diagnostic modalities to detect a variety of lesions in different fetlock structures. Twenty horses (Equus caballus) used for horsemanship activities were referred to the Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology of São Paulo State University, Botucatu campus, with clinical signs of metacarpophalangeal joint injuries. Horses were submitted to radiographic and ultrasonographic exam and computed tomography scan. Image analysis revealed a significant capacity of these methods to characterize lesions in this region. However, computed tomography provided broader and better evaluation of lesions in bones and adjacent structures, because it allows the analysis to be performed on three-dimensional projections, with attenuation coefficients (window selections) and tissue density measurement through Hounsfield Units (HU).

As atividades desempenhadas pelo cavalo na sociedade contemporânea são diversas, e o Brasil é portador do terceiro maior plantel mundial de equinos. Entre as várias afecções descritas em cavalos atletas, as lesões na articulação metacarpofalangeana (boleto) são consideradas as principais causas de claudicação. Por isso, continuamente se aprofunda o conhecimento no diagnóstico das enfermidades que acometem essa região. Dentre as modalidades de diagnóstico por imagem, os exames de tomografia computadorizada, radiografia e ultrassonografia constituem os mais eficazes para avaliação da região do boleto. Com o presente trabalho, teve-se como objetivo avaliar o desempenho da tomografia computadorizada, da radiografia e da ultrassonografia nas mais variadas injúrias das estruturas da articulação metacarpofalangeana. Vinte cavalos (Equus caballus), destinados às atividades de horsemanship, foram encaminhados ao Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária da Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Botucatu, com sinais clínicos de afecções na articulação metacarpofalangeana. Os animais foram submetidos aos exames de radiografia, ultrassonografia e tomografia computadorizada. As imagens revelaram grande capacidade dos métodos em caracterizar lesões nessa articulação. Entretanto, a tomografia computadorizada possibilitou avaliar de modo mais amplo e aprimorado as lesões em estruturas ósseas e adjacentes dessa articulação, pois permite a análise das imagens por meio de projeções tridimensionais, a seleção de coeficiente de atenuação e a mensuração da densidade dos tecidos em unidade Hounsfield (HU).

Helminth parasite communities of two Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leiuperidae) populations under different conditions of habitat integrity in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil / Comunidade de helmintos parasitos de duas populações de Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leiuperidae) sob diferentes condições de integridade de habitat da Mata Atlântica, Brasil

Abstract Adults of Physalaemus cuvieri were collected and necropsied between November 2009 and January 2010. This was carried out in order to report and compare the helminth fauna associated with two populations of this anuran species from the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest under different conditions of habitat integrity. The hosts from the disturbed area were parasitized with five helminth taxa: Cosmocerca parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., Oswaldocruzia subauricularis (Nematoda) and Polystoma cuvieri (Monogenea) while those from the preserved area had four helminth taxa: C. parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., and Acanthocephalus saopaulensis (Acanthocephala). Prevalence, mean intensity of infection, mean abundance, mean richness, importance index and dominance frequency of helminth component communities were similar in both areas. The helminth community associated with anurans from the disturbed area had higher diversity than that from the preserved area. This study is the first to report on the acanthocephalan parasites of Ph. cuvieri, and the similarity between helminth fauna composition of two host populations under different selective pressures.

Resumo Adultos de Physalaemus cuvieri foram coletados e necropsiados entre Novembro de 2009 e Janeiro de 2010. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de informar e comparar a helmintofauna associada a duas populações desta espécie de anuro proveniente da Mata Atlântica sob duas condições de integridade de hábitat. Os hospedeiros da área perturbada estavam parasitados por cinco taxa de helmintos: Cosmocerca parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., Oswaldocruzia subauricularis (Nematoda) e Polystoma cuvieri (Monogenea), enquanto aqueles da área preservada apresentaram quatro taxa de helmintos: C. parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., e Acanthocephalus saopaulensis (Acanthocephala). Prevalência, intensidade média de infecção, abundância média, riqueza média, índice de importância específica e freqüência de dominância da comunidade componente dos helmintos foram similares em ambas as áreas. A comunidade helmíntica associada aos anuros da área perturbada apresentou-se mais diversa do que a encontrada naqueles da área preservada. Este estudo é o primeiro a relatar parasitas acantocéfalos em Ph. cuvieri, e a semelhança entre a composição da helmintofauna de duas populações hospedeiras sob diferentes pressões seletivas.

Propriedades da carne e perfil de ácidos graxos do pernil de catetos (Tayassu tajacu) alimentados com torta de babaçu (Orbignya phalerata) / Meat properties and fatty acids profile of the ham of peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) fed babassu (Orbignya phalerata) meal

Analisaram-se as propriedades da carne e o perfil de ácidos graxos do pernil de catetos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes porcentagens de torta de babaçu, usada como fonte energética alternativa substituindo parte do milho na alimentação, em sistemas de produção em cativeiro. Avaliou-se o pernil de 12 animais quanto às suas propriedades - perda de peso ao cozimento, força de cisalhamento, pH e capacidade de retenção de água-, depois extraiu-se o óleo da carne e determinou-se o perfil dos ácidos graxos. Não foram observados efeitos (P>0,05) das porcentagens de torta de babaçu sobre as propriedades da carne; os ácidos graxos (AG) insaturados, mono e poli-insaturados, foram encontrados em maior quantidade (51,6-57,8 por cento) que os ácidos graxos saturados (42,2-48,4 por cento) na carne do pernil. Baseando-se na teoria de que os AG poli-insaturados ingeridos na dieta humana são responsáveis pela redução nos níveis séricos de colesterol, sugere-se que a carne de catetos seja uma boa fonte alternativa de proteína.

The meat properties and the fatty acids profile of the ham of peccaries ham fed diets with different levels of babassu meal, used as an alternative energy source substituting part of corn on feeding peccaries in captivity, were studied. The ham meats of 12 animals were evaluated on their properties: cooking losses, shear force, pH, and water holding capacity. After that, the meat oil was extracted to determine the fatty acids contents. No effects (P>0.05) of the babassu meal levels on the meat properties were observed. The unsaturated fatty acids, mono and polyunsaturated, were found in higher quantity than the saturated fatty acids in the ham meat of peccaries. Based on the theory that the polyunsaturated fatty acids ingested in the human diet are responsible for reduction of the seric levels of cholesterol, it can be suggested that the peccary meat is a good alternative source of protein.

Variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca em cães anestesiados com infusão contínua de propofol e sufentanil / Heart rate variability in dogs anesthetized with propofol and sufentanil

Foram avaliados os efeitos do propofol associado ao sufentanil sobre o balanço das atividades simpática e parassimpática do coração, investigando-se um possível efeito dose dependente do opióide. Analisou-se a variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (VFC) de 12 cães adultos pré-medicados com maleato de acepromazina e anestesiados com propofol e três doses diferentes de sufentanil, que variou de 0,025 a 0,1µg/kg/min. Registrou-se o eletrocardiograma 15 minutos após a medicação pré-anestésica e 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos após a indução anestésica. A VFC foi calculada no domínio da freqüência, mediante análise de 10 intervalos RR consecutivos. Houve redução acentuada da freqüência cardíaca, mas a VFC permaneceu relativamente inalterada.

The effects of propofol and sufentanil on cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic balance were studied, in order to evaluate if sufentanil plays a role in this balance. The heart rate variability of 12 adult dogs was assessed, after premedication with acepromazine and anesthetized with propofol and three different doses of sufentanil, ranging from 0.025 to 0.1µg/kg/min. Electrocardiograms were recorded 15 minutes after premedication and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after anesthetic induction. Heart rate variability was calculated in frequency domain through the analysis of 10 consecutive RR intervals. Results showed an absence of important changes in heart rate variability, although a significant decrease in heart rate was observed.

IgE expression on the surface of B1 and B2 lymphocytes in experimental murine schistosomiasis

In a previous study we monitored the distribution and phenotype expression of B1 cells during the evolution of experimental murine schistosomiasis mansoni and we proposed that the B1 cells were heterogeneous: a fraction which originated in the spleen and followed the migratory pathway to mesenteric ganglia, while the other was the resident peritoneal B1-cell pool. In the present study, we have addressed the question of whether these two B1-lymphocyte populations are involved in the production of the late Ig isotype IgE, which is present in high levels in schistosomal infection. Lymphocyte expression of surface markers and immunoglobulins were monitored by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. Both in the spleen and mesenteric ganglia, the B1 and B2 cells were induced to switch from IgM to IgE in the early Th2-dominated phase of the disease, with an increase of IgE in its later phases. Conversely, peritoneal B1-IgM+ switched to the remaining IgE+ present in high numbers in the peritoneal cavity throughout the disease. We correlated the efficient induction of the expression of late Ig isotypes by B1 cells with high levels of inflammatory cytokines due to the intense host response to the presence of worms and their eggs in the abdominal cavity. In conclusion, B1 cells have a different switch behavior from IgM to IgE indicating that these cell sub-populations depend on the microenvironment.

Comparacao entre deslocamento angular e linear da coluna lombar durante o movimento de flexao anterior / Comparison between angular and linear displacement of the lumbar spine during anterior flexion

Varios fatores individuais e ocupacionais podem atuarfacilitando a ocorrencia e/ou o agravamento das lombalgias relacionadas ao trabalho, dentre os quais: manuseio de cargas, repeticao e flexao anterior do tronco. Portanto, a quantificacao dos movimentos do tronco e importante para avaliar os riscos epropor intervencos de controle. Diferentes metodos de registro de movimentos, desde os mais sofisticados e precisos ate os mais simles e acessiveis, tem sido utilizados nessa tarefa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, comparativamente, um novo metodo simples de medida linear da flexao lombar, o distanciometro, utilizando como referencia um equipamento preciso, o eletrogoniometro. Participaram do estudo 12 sujeitos saudaveis, do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 25 anos, altura de 1,65 a 1,80m, peso de 60 a 80 kg e indeice de massa corporal de 20 a 26 Kg/m2. Os angulos preestabelecidos e utilizados como referencia para a comparaco pela correlacao de Pearso(r), e as faixas de amplitude, pelo teste de Friedman. Os valores da correlacao entre os angulos foram elevados (r=0,960, indicando alta confiabilidade paralela do distanciometro em relacao ao eletrogoniometro, enquanto os resultados do teste de Friedaman indicaram ausencia de diferencas significativas ao longo das faixas dea mplitude avaliadas (p=0,342), sugerindo consistencia das medidas ao longo de toda a faixa de amplitude. Finalmente, apesar de o distanciometro encontrar-se ainda em fase de prototipo e necessitando de estudos futuros para aprimoramento, o mesmo indicou potencialidade para medicao da flexao lombar no que tange a seus custos e a confiabilidade paralela

Can calories from ethanol contribute to body weight preservation by malnourished rats?

Our objective was to compare the use of calories from ethanol by well-nourished and malnourished rats in terms of body weight. Female Wistar rats weighing 170-180 g at the beginning of the study were used. The animals were divided into two groups (N = 12 each): group W received water ad libitum and group E an ethanol solution ad libitum as the only source of liquid throughout the experiment. The concentration of ethanol was increased weekly from 0 to 5, 10, 20 and 40 percent (v/v). In the well-nourished phase (A), all rats received food ad libitum (AW and AE). Ethanol treatment (AE) was then interrupted and water was offered to both groups. After 2 weeks both AW and AE rats were submitted to food restriction (50 percent of group AW food consumption), thus initiating the malnutrition phase (M). Liquid was offered as described before to the same W (MW) and E (ME) groups. The weight gain during the 1-week treatment of AE rats was similar to that of AW animals only when AE rats received the 5 percent (v/v) ethanol solution (9.16 vs 10.47 g). Weight loss was observed after exposure to 10 percent ethanol (P < 0.05) in spite of maintenance of caloric intake. Malnourished rats presented weight loss, which was attenuated by ethanol intake up to the 20 percent (v/v) solution and was related to an increased caloric offer. This effect was not observed with the 40 percent ethanol solution (-9.98 g). These data suggest that calories from ethanol were used to maintain body weight up to the concentration of 10 percent (v/v) (well-nourished) and 20 percent (v/v) (malnourished) and that ethanol has a toxic profile which depends on nutritional status.

Avaliação da associação de propofol e de citrato de sufentanil na manutenção anestésica por infusão intravenosa contínua em cães após medicação pré-anestésica com acepromazina

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Avaliação da associação de propofol e de cloridrato de alfentanil na manutenção anestésica por infusão intravenosa contínua em cães após medicação pré-anestésica com acepromazina

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Utilização das técnicas de aritnoidectomia total direita e subtotal esquerda, associada a ventriculectomia no tratamento de um equino, acometido de paralisia laringeana bilateral

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Utilização de enxertos de pele, associada ao uso tópico de barbatimão (Stryphnodendrom barbatiman) e corticosteróides no tratamento de feridas cutâneas extensas nos membros de equinos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Avaliação da excisão cirúrgica ampla, associada à administração oral de iodeto de potássio no tratamento de equinos acometidos de pitiose cutânea severa das extremidades dos membros

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Avaliação da técnica de anquilose facilitada no tratamento de osteoartrite séptica interfalângica distal em bovinos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Diagnóstico e tratamento de um potro neonato acometido de polidactilia com dedo extra-numerário completo

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Estudo comparativo entre a antibiose intravenosa regional com ceftiofur e gentamicina em bovinos acometidos de enfermidadespodais

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Single-step purification of crotapotin and crotactine from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom using preparative isoeletric focusing

We describe the isolation of crotoxin, a presynaptic B-neurotoxin, as well as its subunits B (crotactine) and A (crotapotin) from lyophilized Crotalus durissus terrificus venom by a single-step preparative isoelectric focusing procedure. From 98 mg of dried venom protein 20.1 mg of crotactine and 13.1 mg of crotapotin were recovered in the first step of focalization and 4.2 mg in a second run. These values correspond to 35.7 per cent of the total venom protein applied. Crotactine separated in the 9.3-7.0 pH range (tubes 1-6) and crotapotin in the 1.8-2.8 pH range (tubes 15-19) and both were homogeneous by SDS-PAGE and N-terminal amino acid analysls. Crotactine, a 12-kDa protein, presented hemolytic and phospholipase A2 activity. Thus, using isoelectric focusing we simultaneously purified both toxins in high yields. This method can be used as an altemative for the purification and characterization of proteins from other snake venoms under conditions in which biological activity is retained.

Efeitos do midazolam sobre o sistema cardiovascular em cäes pré-medicados com levomepromazina / Cardiovascular effects of midazolan in levomepromazine premedicated dogs

Foram utilizados 10 cäes adultos, de ambos os sexos, sem raça definida, com peso corpóreo entre 10 e 18 kg. Os animais foram pré-medicados com 1,0 mg/kg de levomepromazina e 15 minutos após receberam 2,0 mg/kg de midazolam, ambos por via intravenosa. A freqüência respiratória mostrou um aumento moderado e a freqüência cardíaca reduçäo aos 15 minutos e elevaçäo aos 30 minutos. Houve reduçäo da pressäo arterial média e da pressäo sistólica com significado estatístico e näo clínico. Houve tendência de reduçäo da pressäo arterial diastólica. A hipnose durou aproximadamente 20 minutos e aos 30 muinutos os cäes estavam acordados e em tentativa de deambulaçäo